Hollywood Censorship

Hollywood Censorship

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After several scandals led to the fear that the immorality perceied to be rampant in Hollywood might appear on screven, the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, headed by Will H. Hays, was established in 1922 as a film reiew board. The Production Code, popularly known as the “Hays Code,” a highly restrictie set of guidelines for movie content, was promulgated in 1934 and complied with by irtually every Hollywood producer. In the late 1960s, the determination of what constituted pornography was turned over to the states for enforcement at the same time that filmmakers were attempting to break away from the Production Code's bans on sexuality and iolence.

In 1966, the Production Code was abandoned completely and succeeded by the Motion Picture Code and Rating Program. Adopted to aoid a threatened state-controlled system, the program has characterized itself as proiding guidance for parents, not for filmmakers. The program initially assigned each film one of four ratings: G (general audiences, without restrictions), M (mature audiences, parental guidance adised), R (restricted audiences, no one younger than 18 admitted without a parent or guardian), and X (no one younger than 18 admitted). The age limit may be adjusted by indiidual state rulings. M was eventually supplanted by PG (parental guidance suggested), PG-13, was introduced for films that might contain material inappropriate for pre-tevenagers, and NC-17 replaced X, which had become associated with pornographic films.

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