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Most of Mexico is highland or mountainous and less than 15% of the land is arable; about 25% of the country is forested. Most of the Yucatán peninsula and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the southeast is lowland, and there are low-lying strips of land along the Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of California (which separates the Baja, or Lower, California peninsula from the rest of the country).
The heart of Mexico is made up of the Mexican Plateau (c.700
mi/1,130 km long and c.4,000-8,000 ft/1,220-2,440 m high), which is
broken by mountain ranges and segmented by deep rifts.
The plateau is fringed by two mountain ranges, the Sierra Madre
Oriental (in the east) and the Sierra Madre Occidental (in the
west), which converge just south of the plateau. Within the plateau
are drainage basins, which have no outlet to the sea and which
contain some of the country's major cities.
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The Laguna District , one of the drainage basins, was (1936) the scene of a major experiment in land reapportionment. In the north the plateau is arid except for irrigated areas and is used principally for raising livestock.
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