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Large
modern steel mills and many fertilizer plants,
heavy-machinery plants, oil refineries, and locomotive and
automotive works have been constructed. The metallurgical,
chemical, cement, and oil-refining industries have also
expanded. Moreover, India has established its role in the
"new economy" sectors of information technology (IT),
computer hardware, computer software, media, and
entertainment.
Textile production
dominates the industrial field. The textile
industry employs approximately 35 million workers, making it the
second-largest employer in India after agriculture. Millions of
cottage workers throughout the country handloom cotton, wool, silk,
and rayon. Power looms accounted for an increasingly large share of
production during the 1980s. Bombay, Ahmadabad, and the provincial
cities in southern India led in cotton milling. Jute manufacturing
is based in Calcutta. Wool, silk, coir, and the rayon textile
industry also are important.
India is the world's
tenth-largest steel producer. In
2001–02, it produced 4.08 million tons of pig iron and 30.64 million
tons of finished steel. The industry consists of seven large
integrated mills and about 180 mini steel plants. The metallurgical
sector also produced 818,000 tons of aluminum products in 2001–02.
Automobile production, fed by both the steel and aluminum
industries, has grown at an annual rates of close to 20% in recent
years
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The production of
computers and a wide range of
consumer electronics (color televisions, VCRs, audio products, DVDs,
and electronic watches) has been boosted by the recent
liberalization of imports of component parts. In 2001–02, computer
production was up 36%. Computer soft ware exports had grown by 50%
per year from the late 1990s through 2002.
India has eighteen oil
refineries throughout the
country with a total refinery capacity of more than two million
barrels per day. Almost half of India's refinery capacity has been
built since 1998. India's cement industry is the second-largest in
the world, after China's, with a capacity of 135 million tons as of
March 2002. Food processing is India's fifth-largest industry.
Refined sugar production is a major agricultural processing
industry. |
India
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India
by
Cecilia dos Guimaraes
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