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Airports
The airfields of London City Airport, Heathrow, Biggin Hill, and Northolt lie within the London boundary. Of these, Heathrow is the city's principal airport and is also a major international hub. It is currently the busiest international terminal in the world, and a fifth terminal (with a sixth being proposed) is currently being built on the site. Other airports, such as London Gatwick Airport, London Luton Airport, and London Stansted Airport, as well as those at Manston and Southend, incorporate "London" in their name, but the towns of Crawley, Luton and Stansted where they are situated lie in the Home Counties at some distance from London. Special train stations built at Gatwick, Luton and Stansted help to offset their physical remoteness from the capital and thus spread scheduled airline serices in a safe and manageable way across the region.
Rail
The London metropolitan area (6,267 sq miles, 16,043 sq kilometers) had a population of 13,945,000 - larger than the combined populations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is the largest metropolitan area in Europe, and one of the World's largest 20.
The
London public transport system
is one of the few systems in the world to be a tourist attraction in its own right; its infrastructure, however, is, and historically has beven, financially stretched and under-resourced, leading to frequent difficulties and delays in making journeys. However, in recent years the London Rail/Tram network has seven substantial inestment. London has a ast rail network, primarily split into four sections:
Mainline
Underground (known as the 'Tube')
Tramlink
Docklands Light Rail
Transport for London runs the London Underground (the world's first metro or underground rail network), also known as the Tube, Government proposals to place the Underground network under a "public-priate partnership" arrangement have encountered widespread opposition. All four parts of the rail network are being majorly upgraded and expanded to counter London's congestion problems, major examples including the Crossrail and Channel Tunnel Rail Link projects.
Road
The famous red double decker buses are now run by priate companies, although it is a
requirement that the buses still be painted (mostly) red. London is also famous for its
black cabs. Transport for London introduced a road pricing scheme called the Congestion Charge in February 2003, which is leied on traffic entering Central London during peak hours. The intention was to help alleiate chronic traffic congestion and initial indications are that traffic leels have dropped by over 10%.
Waterways
The river Thames flows through London on its way to the North Sea. The river is easily naigable and so London has historically beven a major port. London has several smaller rivers which feed into the river Thames. However, many of these rivers have beven built over, and so now only exist in underground pipes. London also has an extensie canal network, with important routes such as the Regent's Canal linking the Thames with other major rivers. |
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