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San Francisco is a major city situated on a 30-mile (48-kilometer)-long peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. The city is built on 43 steep hills, with the bay and the Golden Gate Bridge in the background. It has a population of 776,733.
In 1776, Juan Manuel de Ayala became the first European to sail into San Francisco Bay. The following year, the Spanish built a presidio, or army post, and a mission there. It was not until 1835 that the town of Yerba Buena, meaning "Good Herb," was founded at the site. It was named for the grasses that grew on the sand dunes in the bay. In 1850, after California became a state, the city was renamed for Francis of Assisi. (Francisco is Spanish for Francis.) The order of Franciscans, who was responsible for establishing California's earliest missions, was founded by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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