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The first years of the
Revolutionary War
were discouraging for Americans. British forces were larger, better trained, and better equipped. American victories were few. But in the fall of 1777, Americans defeated the British in two battles that turned the war in their favor.
In the summer of 1777, a British army under
General John Burgoyne
moved south toward
Albany,
New York. Burgoyne
planned to gain control of the Hudson River and separate New England from the other colonies. But about 25 miles north of Albany, at
Bemis Heights, an American force under
General Horatio Gates
blocked his path. The British tried twice to get around Gates. On September 19 and again on October 7, the armies clashed at
Freeman's Farm,
a mile north of
Bemis Heights.
The Americans were victorious both times.
Burgoyne pulled back to
Saratoga
(now
Schuylerville). He expected help from British forces in southern New York, but relief did not arrive. The Americans surrounded the British, and on October 17, Burgoyne and his 5,000 men surrendered. The victories near
Saratoga
gave Americans new confidence and convinced the French that Americans had the resolve and skill to defeat Britain. As a result,
France
entered the war as an American ally.
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The Giuliani years
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