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The St. Lawrence Seaway allows
ships from the Atlantic Ocean to travel some 2,350 miles into the
heartland of North America. A series of canals and locks makes the
St. Lawrence River navigable by large freighters. As a result,
Chicago and other cities on the Great Lakes have become major international ports.
In the 1800's, Canada built a series of canals that helped small boats bypass rapids and other hazards on the upper St. Lawrence. In 1930, the Welland Canal was built between
Lake Erie and
Lake Ontario. But these waterways were too small for bigger ships. So in 1954, Canada and the U.S. joined forces to build a wider, deeper seaway, with new locks and canals and with dams to produce hydroelectric power.
The seaway opened five years later and gave a huge boost to the economy of the Great Lakes region. Linked to international markets, cities on the lakes now ship grain, wood products, minerals, and manufactured goods worldwide. Major companies have built factories near the seaway, to take advantage of its hydroelectric power as well as its shipping facilities. Winter weather closes much of the seaway from December to April. But millions of tons of goods travel through it the rest of the year.
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