Sumo Techniques  
The basic rules of Japan's ancient sport are simple: The wrestler who either first touches the surface inside the ring with something other than his feet, or who leaes the dohyo (touching anything) before his opponent, loses. However, sumo, which has enjoyed a continuous deelopment over the past 1,700 years in religious rituals, court festiities, as a martial art and today as a professional sport, is really more about winning than just aoiding a loss. And it is significantly more than just two large men pushing each other around. There are, in fact, 82 different recognized techniques for winning that inole arious combinations of pushing, pulling, tugging, tripping, sweeping, tossing, throwing, twisting and more. Only fie techniques cover "non-winning" methods.

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Oshitaoshi (frontal push down) - Similar to tsukitaoshi (frontal thrust down), the attacker pushes his opponent backwards and then over.

 

Sabaori (forward force down) - With both hands on his opponent's mawashi, the attacker pulls the defender in, throwing his weight high into and on top of the defender, causing the defender's knees to buckle.




 

Sakatottari (arm bar throw counter) - A counter move to the tottari (arm bar throw), the wrestler attempting the technique frees the arm being barred, then turns the hip closet to his opponent inward, forcing the opponent to fall forward.




 


Shitatedashinage (pulling underarm throw) - From an inside grip on the mawashi, the attacker turns away from his opponent, pulling him forward and down into the clay with that inside hand.

 


 

Shitatehineri (twisting underarm throw) - From an inside grip, the attacker twists his opponent down into the clay, pulling him in the direction of the inside hand.

 

 

 

Shitatenage (underarm throw) - One of the most common throwing techniques, the attacker pulls straight down with his inside gripping hand as he turns away from his opponent.


 


 

Shumokuzori (bell hammer backwards body drop) - The attacker ducks under the defender's lead arm and the defender will find himself draped over the attacker's body in a fireman's carry position. The attacker then lifts the defender, taking him over backward. The attacker will land on his back an instant after the defender is thrown over onto his.
 

Sokubiotoshi (head chop down) - The attacker finds the defender leaning too far forward, then chops down with his wrist or forearm at the defender's neck or the back of his head, forcing him to touch the ground with one or two hands.



 

 

 

 

 

 

Sotogake (outside leg trip) - The attacker pulls his opponent into him and hook the opponent's lead leg from the outside, driving him over backward.



 

 

Sotokomata (over thigh scooping body drop) - As the defender steps forward, the attacker grabs the lead leg from the outside, then lifts the leg, driving his opponent over backward.




 

Sotomuso (outer thigh propping twist down) - The attacker releases his inside gripping hand and reaches across the front of the defender's body to block, or prop, the defender's far leg. At the same time, he locks up the defender's inside-gripping arm while twisting his body into his opponent. With the defender's far leg blocked from stepping forward, this forces him to fall over onto his back.

 

 

 

 

 

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Tsukidashi (frontal thrust out) - The attacker drives his opponent backward and over the edge with a rhythmical thrusting motion. Unlike oshidashi (frontal push out), the attacker does not have to maintain hand contact at all times.



 


Tsukihiza (knee touch down) - Tsukihiza is recorded outside sumo's official listing of winning techniques. A rikishi stumbles without any real contact with his opponent and loses by touching down with one or both knees.



 

 

Tsukitaoshi (frontal thrust down) - After the attacker has won a heated slapping exchange, the opponent's hips are usually too far forward, and the attacker is able to thrust him over onto his back or side.




 

Sototasukizori (outer reverse backwards body drop) - While the defender has an inside grip, the attacker bars that gripping arm across his own body, then reaches over that barred arm with his free hand palm up, grabbing the defender's closest leg from the inside at the thigh. Pulling the leg up and over forces the defender to touch the ground with his free hand.



Sukuinage (beltless arm throw) - From an inside gripping position, the attacker releases the gripping hand and extends that inside arm across his opponent's back as he turns away and pulls the opponent forward and down.




 

Susoharai (rear footsweep) - The attacker uses a pulling arm throw or arm-grabbing force-out attempt to work the defender into a perpendicular position. The attacker then sweeps behind the defender's forward foot from the rear and pulls the defender backward, throwing him onto his side or back.





Susotori (ankle pick) - As the defender attempts a throw, the attacker reaches down and grabs the ankle of his opponent's leg furthest from the defender's throwing arm. He then pulls that leg up and behind him while driving the defender over onto his back.




 

Tasukizori (reverse backwards body drop) - During a heated slapping exchange, the attacker ducks under the defender's lead arm with his back turned to the defender's side. Getting a hold on the defender's lead arm and his back leg at the thigh from the inside, the attacker then leans backward, driving the defender over onto his side or back.

 

 

Tokkurinage (two-handed head twistdown) The attacker takes adantage of the defender leaning forward, grabbing the opponent's head or neck with both hands to twist the defender down and over onto his back. (*This technique was also called gasshohineri but that name is now used to describe a ariation of tokkurinage.)

 

 

Tottari (arm bar throw) - The attacker grabs one of his opponent's arms as he turns parallel to him. After wrapping his free arm around that arm from below, the attacker then bars it across his stomach or chest, forcing the opponent forward and down.






Tsukaminage (lifting throw) - From an outside grip, the attacker pulls his opponent past him. As he completes the pull, he will heae the defender into the air and then drive him into the clay. The motion of this technique motion is always right to right, or left to left.




 

 

Tsukite (hand touch down) - Tsukite is recorded outside sumo's official listing of winning techniques. A rikishi stumbles without any real contact with his opponent and loses by touching down with one or both hands.




 

Tsukiotoshi (thrust down) - The attacker drives his opponent down into the clay with a thrusting motion after placing his open hand on the opponent's upper rib cage, or at the shoulder leel. This is iften used as a last ditch effort at the edge.






Tsumatori (rear toe pick) - The attacker must work his way to the side of his forward-moving opponent. As the defender lifts the foot closest to the attacker, the attacker reaches down, grabs that foot at the toes and pulls it back and up to forces his opponent to fall forward.




 

Tsuridashi (lift out) - This power technique can be executed from either a single or double inside grip, or even a double outside grip. The attacker takes hold of the opponent's mawashi, drops his hips and heaes his opponent into the air, lifting him over and out of the ring.




 

Tsuriotoshi (lifting body slam) - In this power technique, the attacker drops his hips while pulling the defender in, then lifts him into the air. But rather than deposit his opponent outside the ring, the attacker swings his opponent sideways and drives him into the clay.



 

Tsutaezori (underarm forward body drop) - The attacker dies under one of the defender's arms while maintaining a grip on that arm. Leaning back and into the defender, he forces him to fall forward and touch down with his free hand.




 

Uchigake (inside leg trip) - As the attacker pulls his opponent forward, he hooks the opponent's lead leg from the inside; hooking right leg to left leg, or left to right. He then pulls the opponent's leg out from under him, pulling with a circular motion, as he drives him over onto his back.



 

Uchimuso (inner thigh propping twist down) - From either an inside or outside grip, the attacker sweeps his opponent's leg up by hitting the inner thigh with the back of his free hand. As that hand makes contact with the opponent's thigh, the attacker pulls with his other hand in the same direction as the sweeping hand.


 

Ushiromotare (backward lean out) - When the defender has circled behind the attacker, usually at the edge of the ring, the attacker leans back into his opponent, forcing him back and over the edge, or back and down.


 

 

Utchari (backward piot throw) - In this last-ditch effort to win after being driven to the edge, the attacker drops his hips while pulling his opponent up and past him. The attacker is quite often forced over onto his back, but the twisting motion of his hips forces his opponent to touch down a fraction of a second before he does.


 

Uwatedashinage (pulling overarm throw) - From an outside grip, the attacker pulls his opponent forward and down as he turns away. The major difference betweven this technique and uwatenage (overarm throw) is the forward pull.



 


Uwatehineri (twisting overarm throw) - From an outside grip, the attacker twists his opponent in the direction of the outside hand. This is usually seven when the opponent is defending against an overarm throw.



 

 

Uwatenage (overarm throw) - This is one of the most common throwing techniques. After establishing an outside grip, the attacker throws his opponent by heaing him down at a sharp angle as he turns away.


 

 

Waridashi (upper-arm force out) - From either an inside or outside grip, the attacker grabs the defender's arm at the biceps and while pushing on that arm, drives the defender back and out. (The attacker needs significantly more strength than his opponent to execute this technique.)



 

Watashikomi (thigh grabbing push down) - As the attacker drives his opponent to the edge, he grabs the defender's leg at the hamstring or behind the knee. Still driving forward, the attacker pulls that leg towards him, forcing the defender either over the edge or onto his back.



 

Yaguranage (inner thigh throw) - From either an inside or outside grip, the attacker pulls his opponent into him, drops his hips and places the outside of his knee against the defender's inner thigh. From here, he starts the throwing motion, driving that leg up, forcing the defender over onto his side.


 

Yobimodoshi (pulling body slam) - This power technique is only seven when there is a wide gap in strength between the two opponents. The attacker pulls the defender in the direction of the attacker's inside grip. Then, using the defender's reaction against that pull, he releases his inside grip, turn his palm down and takes the defender in the other direction, heaving him off his feet.
 

Yorikiri (frontal force out) - The attacker drives his opponent backwards and out of the ring, maintaining a grip on that opponent's mawashi at all times




 

 

Yoritaoshi (frontal crush out) - The opponent is driven backwards and collapses under the force of the attack. The attacker must maintain some grip on his opponent's mawashi.



 

 


Zubuneri (head piot throw) - The attacker buries his head in the defender's chest and then locks up the defender's inside arm by wrapping his own arm around it. He then twists that inside arm across his own body and uses his head as a fulcrum to spin the defender to spin around and over onto his back.

 

 

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